参考资料
已归类资料：
https://blog.51cto.com/kinrey/1826921
https://hczhang.cn/network/reserved-ip-addresses.html
详细介绍资料：
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%BD%91
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%AD%90%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A9%E7%A0%81/100207
常用子网掩码、子网段
| CIDR | 子网掩码 | 反掩码 |
|---|---|---|
| /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 0.0.0.3 |
| /29 | 255.255.255.248 | 0.0.0.7 |
| /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 0.0.0.15 |
| /27 | 255.255.255.224 | 0.0.0.31 |
| /26 | 255.255.255.192 | 0.0.0.63 |
| /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 0.0.0.127 |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 0.0.0.255 |
| /23 | 255.255.254.0 | 0.0.1.255 |
| /22 | 255.255.252.0 | 0.0.3.255 |
| /21 | 255.255.248.0 | 0.0.7.255 |
| /20 | 255.255.240.0 | 0.0.15.255 |
| /19 | 255.255.224.0 | 0.0.31.255 |
| /18 | 255.255.192.0 | 0.0.63.255 |
| /17 | 255.255.128.0 | 0.0.0.127.255 |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | 0.0.255.255 |
| /15 | 255.254.0.0 | 0.1.255.255 |
| /14 | 255.252.0.0 | 0.3.255.255 |
| /13 | 255.248.0.0 | 0.7.255.255 |
| /12 | 255.240.0.0 | 0.15.255.255 |
| /11 | 255.224.0.0 | 0.31.255.255 |
| /10 | 255.192.0.0 | 0.63.255.255 |
| /9 | 255.128.0.0 | 0.127.255.255 |
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | 0.255.255 |
常用内网段
- ipv4内网段
| IP地址段 | 地址范围 | 地址数量 | 用途 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0.0.0/8 | 0.0.0.0–0.255.255.255 | 16777216 | Software | Current network (only valid as source address). |
| 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255 | 16777216 | Private network | Used for local communications within a private network. |
| 100.64.0.0/10 | 100.64.0.0–100.127.255.255 | 4194304 | Private network | Shared address space for communications between a service provider and its subscribers when using a carrier-grade NAT. |
| 127.0.0.0/8 | 127.0.0.0–127.255.255.255 | 16777216 | Host | Used for loopback addresses to the local host. |
| 169.254.0.0/16 | 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255 | 65536 | Subnet | Used for link-local addresses between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server. |
| 172.16.0.0/12 | 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 | 1048576 | Private network | Used for local communications within a private network. |
| 192.0.0.0/24 | 192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255 | 256 | Private network | IETF Protocol Assignments. |
| 192.0.2.0/24 | 192.0.2.0–192.0.2.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as TEST-NET-1, documentation and examples. |
| 192.88.99.0/24 | 192.88.99.0–192.88.99.255 | 256 | Internet | Reserved. Formerly used for IPv6 to IPv4 relay (included IPv6 address block 2002::/16). |
| 192.168.0.0/16 | 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255 | 65536 | Private network | Used for local communications within a private network. |
| 198.18.0.0/15 | 198.18.0.0–198.19.255.255 | 131072 | Private network | Used for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets. |
| 198.51.100.0/24 | 198.51.100.0–198.51.100.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as TEST-NET-2, documentation and examples. |
| 203.0.113.0/24 | 203.0.113.0–203.0.113.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as TEST-NET-3, documentation and examples. |
| 224.0.0.0/4 | 224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255 | 268435456 | Internet | In use for IP multicast. (Former Class D network). |
| 240.0.0.0/4 | 240.0.0.0–255.255.255.254 | 268435455 | Internet | Reserved for future use. (Former Class E network). |
| 255.255.255.255/32 | 255.255.255.255 | 1 | Subnet | Reserved for the “limited broadcast” destination address. |
- ipv6内网段
| Address block (CIDR) | First address | Last address | Number of addresses | Usage | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ::/0 | :: | ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2128 | Routing | Default route (no specific route) |
| ::/128 | :: | :: | 1 | Software | Unspecified address. |
| ::1/128 | ::1 | ::1 | 1 | Host | Loopback address to the local host. |
| ::ffff:0:0/96 | ::ffff:0.0.0.0 | ::ffff:255.255.255.255 | 2128−96 = 232 = 4294967296 | Software | IPv4 mapped addresses. |
| ::ffff:0:0:0/96 | ::ffff:0:0.0.0.0 | ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 | 232 | Software | IPv4 translated addresses. |
| 64:ff9b::/96 | 64:ff9b::0.0.0.0 | 64:ff9b::255.255.255.255 | 232 | Global Internet | IPv4/IPv6 translation. |
| 100::/64 | 100:: | 100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 264 | Routing | Discard prefix. |
| 2001::/32 | 2001:: | 2001::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 296 | Global Internet | Teredo tunneling. |
| 2001:20::/28 | 2001:20:: | 2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2100 | Software | ORCHIDv2 |
| 2001:db8::/32 | 2001:db8:: | 2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 296 | Documentation | Addresses used in documentation and example source code. |
| 2002::/16 | 2002:: | 2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2112 | Global Internet | The 6to4 addressing scheme (now deprecated). |
| fc00::/7 | fc00:: | fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2121 | Private network | Unique local address. |
| fe80::/10 | fe80:: | febf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2118 | Link | Link-local address. |
| ff00::/8 | ff00:: | ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2120 | Global Internet | Multicast address. |